Photovoltaic energy: The key photovoltaic energy source for future sustainable development, namely solar photovoltaic power generation, is a technology that uses sunlight to convert directly into electricity. With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasingly serious problem of environmental pollution, photovoltaic energy has gradually become an important direction of global energy transformation because of its clean, renewable and sustainable characteristics. The advantages of photovoltaic energy are mainly reflected in the following aspects. First, it is an inexhaustible source of clean energy. The sun rises every day, providing a steady stream of energy that produces no greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, and has a minimal impact on the environment compared to traditional fossil energy sources. Secondly, the manufacturing technology of photovoltaic cells continues to improve, the conversion efficiency continues to improve, and the cost continues to decline, making the economy of photovoltaic energy more and more significant. In addition, the photovoltaic power generation system is easy to install, low maintenance costs, is not subject to regional restrictions, and can be widely installed on urban roofs, rural fields and even desert areas. However, photovoltaic energy also has some challenges. The first problem is its intermittency, affected by weather and day and night changes, photovoltaic power generation is not stable. To this end, energy storage technologies, such as battery energy storage systems, need to be developed to balance power supply and demand. Another challenge is that the production process of photovoltaic cells still has certain environmental pollution problems, and it is necessary to reduce the environmental footprint during its life cycle through technological advances and environmental protection measures. Looking to the future, photovoltaic energy will occupy an increasingly important position in the global energy mix. With the continuous progress of technology and the further reduction of costs, photovoltaic power generation will become one of the most economical sources of electricity. At the same time, governments have also introduced policies to support the development of photovoltaic energy, promote energy transition and address climate change. Photovoltaic energy is the key to a sustainable future, not only providing clean electricity, but also promoting economic growth and social progress. Let us work together to promote the popularization of photovoltaic energy and contribute to building a better future.